Understanding Differentials in Volvo Articulated Haulers: Built for Traction Where It Matters Most

When it comes to off-road hauling in extreme conditions, traction isn’t optional—it’s everything. Volvo articulated haulers are engineered to perform in mud, snow, rock, steep grades, and uneven terrain, and at the heart of that performance is a highly advanced differential system. Unlike standard highway trucks, Volvo articulated haulers use multiple types of heavy-duty, lockable differentials working together to deliver power exactly where it’s needed.

This layered approach to traction control is one of the reasons Volvo haulers are known for reliability, productivity, and superior off-road capability.

The Role of Differentials in Articulated Haulers

A differential allows wheels or axles to rotate at different speeds while still receiving power. This is essential when turning or traveling across uneven ground. In articulated haulers, however, differentials must do far more than allow smooth turning—they must adapt instantly to changing traction conditions.

Volvo accomplishes this by combining inter-axle differentials, cross-axle differentials, locking mechanisms, and planetary final drives into a unified system.

Inter-Axle Differential: Balancing Power Front to Rear

The inter-axle differential, often referred to as the center differential, manages torque distribution between the front axle and the rear axle group.

• Allows front and rear axles to rotate at different speeds during turns
• Improves handling and reduces drivetrain stress
• Can be locked when traction is poor

When conditions become slippery or uneven, locking the inter-axle differential ensures power is evenly distributed, preventing one axle from spinning freely while the other struggles for grip.

Cross-Axle Differentials: Controlling Left and Right Wheel Speed

Each axle on a Volvo articulated hauler contains a cross-axle differential that splits power between the left and right wheels.

Open Differential Operation

Under normal conditions, the differential allows wheels to rotate at different speeds for smooth cornering and reduced tire wear.

Locking Differential Capability

When wheel slip is detected:

• The differential locks the wheels together
• Torque is sent to the wheel with traction
• Power loss from spinning wheels is eliminated

All driven axles on Volvo articulated haulers feature lockable cross-axle differentials, a critical advantage in soft ground or uneven terrain.

Volvo’s Automatic Differential Locking System

One of Volvo’s standout features is its automatic traction control system, which manages differential locks without constant operator input.

• Automatically engages inter-axle and cross-axle locks when slip is detected
• Engages progressively for smoother operation
• Automatically disengages at higher speeds to protect components

This intelligent system maximizes productivity while reducing operator fatigue and minimizing drivetrain wear.

Planetary Final Drive Differentials: Strength at the Wheel Ends

Volvo articulated haulers also use planetary final drives integrated at the wheel ends.

These systems:

• Multiply torque before it reaches the wheels
• Reduce stress on the central differential gears
• Increase load-handling capability
• Improve durability in high-torque applications

Planetary final drives are a key reason Volvo haulers excel in heavy-duty, off-road environments and are fundamentally different from highway truck axle designs.

A Unified Traction System for Extreme Conditions

Rather than relying on a single differential design, Volvo uses a multi-layered traction strategy:

• Inter-axle differentials manage front-to-rear power
• Cross-axle differentials control left-to-right wheel speed
• Locking mechanisms prevent torque loss
• Planetary final drives deliver strength and longevity

The result is a machine that maintains traction, stability, and control even when conditions are unpredictable.

Why Differential Design Matters

For owners and operators, Volvo’s differential systems translate into:

• Reduced downtime
• Improved fuel efficiency
• Less tire wear
• Increased component life
• Superior off-road performance

It’s not just about moving material—it’s about doing it efficiently, safely, and consistently in environments where failure isn’t an option.

Built to Keep You Moving

Volvo articulated haulers don’t rely on brute force alone—they rely on intelligence built into every component of the drivetrain. By combining inter-axle differentials, lockable cross-axle differentials, automatic traction control, and rugged planetary final drives, Volvo creates a system that constantly adapts to changing ground conditions. The result is consistent traction, reduced component stress, and dependable performance in environments where lesser machines struggle.

Whether hauling through mud, snow, rock, or steep grades, Volvo’s differential design ensures power goes where it’s needed most—keeping productivity high, downtime low, and operators confident in even the toughest conditions. It’s not just engineering for movement; it’s engineering for momentum, shift after shift.